HomeMy WebLinkAboutWELL-09-2021-157763.TIF North Carolina Division of Public Health
Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Epidemiology Section
BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS REPORT
Private well water information and recommendations
County: Catawba Name: Marc Schmitt Sample ID Number: 157763
Location: 4683 Cayton Dr, Maiden NC 28650 Reviewer: Megen McBride
Initial Sample X Confirmation Sample:
BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USES OF YOUR
PRIVATE WELL WATER(These recommendations are based on biological analysis only.)
X No coliform bacteria were found in your well water. Your water can be used for all purposes
including drinking, cooking,washing dishes, bathing and showering.
Total coliform bacteria were detected in your water sample. Total Coliform are a group of related
bacteria that are(with few exceptions)not harmful to humans. A variety of bacteria, parasites, and
viruses, known as pathogens, can potentially cause health problems if humans ingest them. EPA considers
total coliforms a useful indicator of other pathogens for drinking water. Total coliforms are used to
determine the adequacy of water treatment and the integrity of the distribution system
It is recommended that your well water be re-tested to verify that the result is accurate.
Fecal coliform bacteria were detected in the sample. Do not use the water for drinking,
cooking,washing dishes, bathing or showering.
If the re-test shows contamination by bacteria contact your local health department for assistance. There
may be a problem with the construction of the well,the groundwater source,or operation of the well.The
well needs to be inspected by the local health department or a local well contractor to determine the
problem with the well and to give guidance on how to correct the problem.
Your well water was tested for biological contaminants(total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria). The
results were evaluated using the federal drinking water standards.
Drinking water may contain substances that can occur naturally in water or can be introduced into water
from man-made sources.Total coliform bacteria are found in soil and fecal coliform bacteria are found in
animal and human waste. Total coliform or fecal coliform bacteria in well water indicate that the well
may have structural problems or that the well was not properly disinfected.
If you have been drinking the well water and are pregnant, nursing, have a child in the household under 5
years of age,or immunocompromised(such as an individual with AIDS, cancer, hepatitis,dialysis or
surgical procedures) inform your physician of these results at your next visit.
If the contamination continues, you should investigate the possibility of drilling a new well or installing a
point-of-entry disinfection unit which can use chlorine, ultraviolet light, or ozone.
For further information please contact your county health department or the Occupational and
Environmental Epidemiology Branch at 919-707-5900.
N 0 R T H C A R 0 L I N A
Private Well Information
$a and Use Recommendations
NC DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Division of Public Health For Inorganic Chemical Contaminants
County:I Catawba Name: Marc Schmitt—4683 Cayton Dr, Maiden NC 28650
Sample ID#: 157763 Reviewer: Megen McBride
TEST RESULTS AND USE RECOMMENDATIONS
1. ® Your well water meets federal drinking water standards for inorganic chemicals. Your water can be used for
drinking, cooking,washing,cleaning, bathing, and showering based on the inorganic chemical results on(v. You may
have other water sampling results that are not taken into account in this report.
2. El The following substance(s)exceeded federal drinking water standards or the North Carolina 2L calculated health
levels. The North Carolina Division of Public Health recommends that your well water not be used for drinking and
cooking, unless you install a water treatment system to remove the circled substance(s). However, it may be used for
washing, cleaning, bathing and showering based on the inorganic chemical results only.
El Arsenic El Barium ❑ Cadmium ❑ Chromium ❑ Copper n Fluoride El Iron
❑ Lead ❑ Manganese El Mercury ❑Nickel ❑Nitrate/Nitrite ❑ Selenium ❑ Silver
❑ Zinc
3. ® While your lead levels do not exceed federal or state standards,the North Carolina Division of Public Health has
concerns with any detection of lead. Should you have any questions please contact the NC Private Well and Health
Program at(919) 707-5900.
4. ® Re-sample for lead and /or copper. Take a first draw and 30-second flush sample inside the house (preferably the
kitchen sink)and a first draw and 4 minutes flush sample at the wellhead to determine the source of lead and/or copper.
5. ® The following substance(s)exceeded aesthetic drinking water standards. Your water can be used for drinking,
cooking,washing,cleaning, bathing, and showering based on the inorganic chemical results on.v, but aesthetic problems
such as bad taste, odor, staining of porcelain, etc. may occur. You may want to install a household water treatment system
to address aesthetic problems.
El Chloride ❑ Copper ❑ Fluoride ® Iron ® Manganese
El pH El Silver ® Sulfate n Zinc
6. ® a. Sodium levels exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Health Advisory level for sodium of
20 mg/I. The North Carolina Division of Public Health recommends that only individuals on no or low sodium-restricted
diets not use this water for drinking or cooking. It may be used for washing,cleaning, bathing, and showering based on
the inorganic chemical results on(v.
® b. Your sodium level exceeds 30 mg/I and may pose aesthetic issues such as bad taste, odor, staining of porcelain, etc.
7. El Re-sampling is recommended in months,to reinvestigate
For more information regarding your well water results,please call the North Carolina Division of Public Health at 919-707-5900.
Iron &
PRIVATE WELLS
What is iron?
Iron is a natural element found in rocks deep
underground.Iron is found in the environment as What level of iron should
iron compounds joined to other elements like sulfur, I be concerned about?
carbon,and oxygen.
Iron is used for constructional material and pipes. The NC Department of Environmental Quality
Iron compounds are used as pigments in paint and calculated a health based value of 2.5 milligrams of
plastics.Iron compounds are also used in water- iron per liter of water(mg/L).This calculation was
treatment plants as a coagulant. developed with consideration of health effects in 2017.
The US Environmental Protection Agency and
How does iron get in NC Department of Environmental Quality
developed an aesthetic standard of 0.3 mg/L.This
my private well water? standard was developed to prevent staining,rusty
Iron compounds can enter your private well water color and metallic taste.
from erosion of rocks underground. Iron can also
enter groundwater from industrial practices.Acidic How do I test for iron
water(water with low pH)can make iron compounds
more soluble. in my private well?
Use a certified lab to test your well water for iron
How can iron affect my health? every two years,as part of the inorganic panel
screen.Contact the private well program at your
Iron is an essential element,meaning your body county health department to assist you with getting
needs it in small amounts.It helps with oxygen your water tested.Pricing of testing varies from
transport,electron transport,and deoxyribonucleic county to county.
acid (DNA)synthesis.However,drinking high levels
of iron may cause adverse health effects.You can't What if my iron levels are high?
smell iron.Iron may have a detectable taste or have
a rusty color. You can install a treatment system to reduce the levels
High levels of iron can cause gastrointestinal of iron in your private well.Treatment systems that
problems.For people with preexisting conditions, reduce the levels of iron in your well water include:
like hemochromatosis,drinking high levels of iron • Oxidizing filters
may cause heart,liver and pancreas toxicity. • Cation exchange,also known as a Water Softener
You can also reduce your exposure by using bottled
water or connecting to public water supply,if possible.
Percent of Private Wells Tested
Exceeding Federal Standards for
Iron, 2011-2013
., r
iiii
46, .;" , , "'"r7.7" .
it. 001 A IL*
447R. ,4
___ . ...401(Ap
Av.
„A .
- >25%exceeded health standards
- 10-25%exceeded health standards
<10%exceeded health standards Mr1011, '.
0%exceeded health standards
Insufficient data(<10 wells tested)
Where is iron found in NC? Where did this information
Iron is found at low levels(0.1-62 mg/L)throughout come from?
NC.About 6%of wells sampled for iron in NC from World Health Organization:www.who.int/water
2011 to 2013 exceeded the state health-based value sanitation health/dwq/chemicals/iron.pdf
(2.5 mg/L).Yet,there are several areas in NC with at
least 10%of wells exceeding the state health-based Nazanin Abbaspour et al.Journal of Research in
Medical Sciences Review on iron and its importance
value.See map for areas with elevated iron. for human health 2014:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pmc/articles/PMC3999603/
Where can I find more
information about iron
and my well?
Visit the NC Division of Public Health's Private Well
and Health Program website:http://epi.publichealth. ,,
nc.gov/oee/programs/wellwater.html. I `
�
f Y fa
There you can find: -
• Contacts for your county private well program
• Iron in well water maps � .
• A guide for selecting a treatment system I ' a . . ,•
• Other private well resources
— )t`1,Sii '''.— ' — Aia.
You can also call the Private Well and Health Program 111 '
at 919-707-5900.
OT`a, NC Department of Health and Human Services•Division of Public Health•Epidemiology section•Occupational and Environmental
v`" Epidemiology Branch•Private Well and Health Program•httos-/eoi.oubiicheaith.nc.nov/oee/oroorams/wellwater.html •NCDHHS is an
Aio
,' wdr•.dMa equal opportunity employer and provider.•09/2019
if y
Lead & . •
.PRIVATE WELLS ..:.,
1
t
4.
k .
I 9
ell' illik
What is lead? a
Lead is a natural element found in rocks deep
underground and soil.Most of the lead found in the What level of lead should I be
environment is due to human activities including
burning fossil fuels,mining,and industrial activities. concerned about?
Lead compounds are used to make batteries,cable The US Environmental Protection Agency'developed
sheathing,pigments,rust inhibitors,ammunition, a public drinking water standard of 0.015 milligrams
and plastic stabilizers.Lead is also used to make of lead per liter of water(mg/L).Public drinking water
solder and brass fittings used in ell components standards are based on public health protection and
and home plumbing. cost of treatment/testing at large utilities.This standard
was developed with consideration of best treatment
technology for a public water system in 1991 and was
How does lead get in my validated in 2017.
private well water? The NC Department of Environmental Quality adopted
Lead compounds can enter your private well water the same level in 2013.
from erosion of rocks underground or leaching from There are no other standards for lead,however the
well components or home plumbing.Lead can also US Environmental Protection Agency and
enter groundwater from industrial practices. US Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Acidic water(water with low pH)can make lead state that no lead level is safe.
compounds more soluble.
How do I test for lead in my
How can lead affect my health? private well?
Lead is not an essential element,meaning your body Use a certified lab o test your well water for lead every
does not need it.You can't see,smell,or taste lead. two years,as part of the inorganic panel screen.
Drinking high levels of lead over short periods of time Contact the private well program at your county health
can lead to: department to assist you with getting your water tested.
• Changes in mood Pricing of testing varies from county to county.
• Stomach cramps
• Muscle tremors What if my lead levels are high?
• Weakness in finger ,wrist,or ankles
You can install a treatment system to reduce the levels of
Higher levels of lead can cause kidney and brain damage. lead in your private well.Treatment systems that reduce
Drinking lead over long periods of time may cause
the levels of lead in your well water include:
reduced nervous system function affecting memory, • Activated carbon filt ation
behavior,and attention span. • Distillation
• Reverse osmosis
Ay
Private Wells
with Detectable
Lead, 2011-2013
ipp__r . mtivirwiffluN. . ,
" lei 1—;-... .thil - All •• 111;iO4''w?Tileigt1104 i_
Ord I I
!litirawalltilk 6.
r .�. V
■
,,....., 9
->25%with detectable lead
- 10-25%with detectable lead
4#111147
<10%with detectable lead
0%with detectable lead
Insufficient data(<10 wells tested)
You can also reduce your exposure by using bottled water You can also call the Private Well and Health Program
or connecting to public water supply,if possible. at 919-707-5900.
Where is lead found in NC? Where did this information
Lead is found at low levels(0.005-0.701 mg/L)throughout come from?
°,:. NC.About 3%of wells sampled for lead in NC from 2011 Center for Disease Control and Prevention:
`'Y`'' to 2013 exceeded the federal/state standard(0.015 mg/L). www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/
-" - Yet,there are several areas in NC where at least 10%of
4 wells sampled had detectable lead.See map for areas with Agency for Toxic Substances&Disease Registry:
e:;4,
detectable levels of lead. www•atsdr,cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfactsl 3.pdf
World Health Organization:www.who.int/water
Where can I find more sanitation health/dwq/chemicals/lead.odf
- information about lead National Sanitation Foundation:www.nsf.org/consumer-
and my well? resources/what-is-nsf-certific tion/water-fil ers-treatment-
certific tion/contaminant-reduction-claims-guide
Visit the NC Division of Public Health's Private Well and Water Quality Association:www.wqa.org/Portals/0/
Health Program website:http://epi.publichealth.nc.gov/ Technical/Technical%20Fact%20Sheets/2016 Lead.pdf
. oee/Drograms/wellwater.html.
i
" There you can find
• Contacts for your county private well program
• Lead in well water maps
, • Aguide for selectinga treatment system
t.°�: Y
• Other private well resources
'""4 A1 NC Department of Health and Human Services•Division of Public Health•Epidemiology Section•Occupational and Environmental
to 3 Epidemiology Branch•Private Well and Health Program•httpsJ/eoi,publichealth,nc.00v/oee/programs/wellwater,html•NCOHHS is an
4;,._r.' Not dcrohm equal opportunity employer and provider.•09/2019
v.w.11«21A
Total Hardness, t
Calcium, . , „,„
Magnesium &
PRIVATE WELLS
•
What are total hardness, •
calcium, and magnesium? F , '
Total hardness is a measurement of the amount of dissolved141
..,.
minerals in your water.Hard water has high levels of calcium,
magnesium,and other metals.Hardness is often referred to
as the ability of your well water to react with soaps. Magnesium is an essential element,meaning your
body needs it.It helps with energy metabolism,protein
Calcium and magnesium are natural elements found in synthesis,vascular tone,and insulin sensitivity.You
rocks deep underground.They contribute to the hardness can't see or smell magnesium.Magnesium may have a
of your well water. detectable taste.
• Only people with preexisting kidney problems may
How do calcium and magnesium be affected by drinking high levels of magnesium
because it can cause diarrhea or laxative effects.
get in my private well water?
Calcium and magnesium can enter your private well water
from erosion of rocks underground. What level of total hardness,
calcium, and magnesium
How can total hardness, should I be concerned about?
calcium, and magnesium The US Environmental Protection Agency or
affect my health? NC Department of Environmental Quality have
not developed standards for total hardness,calcium,
Total hardness is not an essential element,meaning or magnesium.
your body does not need it.You can't see or smell total
hardness.Total hardness may have a detectable taste. The World Quality Association developed a degree
• Total hardness may cause dry,itchy skin and scalp.
of hardness standard:
Calcium is an essential element,meaning your body Degree of Hardness Milligrams per liter of water(mg/L)
needs it.It helps with bone development,kidney function, Soft <17.0
metabolism,vascular contraction,blood clotting,muscle Slightly Hard 17.1 -60
contraction and nerve transmission.You can't see or smell Moderately Hard 60.1 -120
calcium.Calcium may have a detectable taste.
• Only people with preexisting conditions,like Hard 120.1 -180
milk alkali syndrome and hypercalcemia,may be Very Hard >180
affected by drinking high levels of calcium because Hard water can lead to technical effects in the well such as:
it can interfere with the absorption of other • High soap usage
essential elements. • Mineral deposits on dishes
• Scale build up in sinks,tubs
Private Well Total Hardness, 2011-2013
- - min
liliVir _1y►
.. , • I f ill
liklik
f .210 g. ,_ ,
,irir - - -- Psi ,---—1--I
! 1E7E7 /a ‘,,, . :::i::-.!,1-;
4.II fiti 1111-1411 —'-- ' /'
►� 7
■ IC e 7.7::
-Very Hard
/�MN Hardy
MN Moderately Hard -_ ■■�
711 Slightly Hard
Soft \ ■
Insufficient data(<10 wells tested) \Pill
to
How do I test for total hardness, Where can I find more
calcium, and magnesium in my information about total
private well? hardness, calcium, and gi<.
ium and nes
You can use a certified lab or buy test kits at your local magnesium my well?
home improvement store to test for total hardness,calcium, Visit the NC Division of Public Health's Private Well and
and magnesium.Contact the private well program at your Health Program website:http://epi.publichealth.nc.gov/ '"
g,
county health department to assist you with getting your oee/programs/wellwater.htmt.
water tested.Pricing of testing varies from county to county.
There you can find:
• Contacts for your county private well program
Where is total hardness, calcium, • Total hardness,calcium,and magnesium in well
and magnesium found in NC? water maps
• A guide for selecting a treatment system
Calcium and magnesium contribute to the total hardness in . Other private well resources
your water.Calcium ranges from 1-400 mg/L and magnesium
ranges from 1-600 mg/L in private well water throughout You can also call the Private Well and Health Program
the state.Total hardness in private well water varies across at 919-707-5900.
NC(3-2,600 mg/L),see map for areas with hard water.
Where did this information
What if my water is hard? come from?
If you are concerned about the taste of your well water,you World Health Organization:www.who.int/water
can install a treatment system to reduce the levels of total sanitation health/Dublications/Dublication
hardness,calcium,and magnesium in your private well. 9789241563550/en/
Cation exchange,also known as a Water Softener,is a Water Quality Association:www.wqa.org/learn-about-
treatment system that can reduce the levels of total water/perceptible-issues/scale-deposits
hardness,calcium,and magnesium in your well water.
NC Department of Health and Human Services•Division of Public Health•Epidemiology Section•Occupational and Environmental
' j \C l 1 Epidemiology Branch•Private Well and Health Program•httos://eoi.oublichealth.nc gov/oee/orograms/wellwater.html•NCDHHS is an
u•PubaNec•••�.• equal opportunity employer and provider.•09/2019
lic ahl.
Fir
1
Sodium & --........--,, o ; e
r
PRIVATE WELLS ,,,
#::, „Li_ ,
, .
_ .,
, irr.^
dr
/i/ gilitopere„
What is sodium? 1
Sodium is a natural element found in soil,water,and
rocks deep underground.Sodium is found in the Higher levels of sodium can cause:
environment as salts bound to chloride,carbonate, . Vomiting
hypochlorite,and silicate. • Nausea
Sodium is used in water softener treatment systems, • Gastrointestinal issues
disinfectants,and pH adjustment to produce • Muscular twitch
industrial chemicals.Sodium salts are used in • Convulsions
snow/ice control and production of paper,glass, Drinking high levels of sodium over long periods may
soap,pharmaceuticals,chemical and food. lead to death.
Along the coast,seawater can influence the
amount of sodium in groundwater.This is known What level of sodium should
as saltwater intrusion. I be concerned about?
The US Environmental Protection Agency
How does sodium get developed a health advisory of 20 milligrams
in my private well water? of sodium per liter of water(mg/L).Health
Sodium can enter your private well water from advisories are non-enforceable guidance levels
erosion of rocks underground.Rain may wash sodium developed to protect public health.This advisory
from de-icing salts and industrial activities on the level was developed to protect the development of
surface to groundwater.Water softener treatment hypertension for people on restricted sodium in 2003.
systems increase the amount of sodium in water. In addition,the US Environmental Protection Agency
developed an aesthetic standard of 30-60 mg/L.This
How can sodium affect standard was developed to prevent a salty taste.
my health?
Sodium is an essential element,meaning your body How do I test for sodium
needs it in small amounts.It helps with regulation in my private well?
of osmolarity and fluids within the body.However, Use a certified lab to test your well water for sodium
drinking high levels of sodium may cause adverse every two years,as part of the inorganic panel
health effects.You can't see or smell sodium.Sodium screen.Contact the private well program at your
may have a detectable taste. county health department to assist you with getting
Drinking high levels of sodium over short periods can your water tested.Pricing of testing varies from
lead to hypertension. county to county.
Percent of Private Wells Tested
Exceeding Federal Guidance for
Sodium, 2011-2013
Asawriiiine,;1 LV2Prfrillittlit
jitafjp. , Nog
00's
ram` NIF ti �a�#,
mik
•
• _
>25%exceeded health guidance
10-25%exceeded health guidance
<10%exceeded health guidance Nit
1
0%exceeded health guidance
Insufficient data(<10 wells tested)
Where is sodium found in NC? Where can I find more
Sodium is found at varying levels(1-3,900 mg/L) information about sodium
throughout NC.About 149'o of wells sampled for and my well?
sodium in NC from 2011 to 2013 exceeded the Visit the NC Division of Public Health's Private Well
federal advisory level(20 mg/L).Yet,there are and Health Program website:http://epi.publichealth.
several areas in NC with more than 25%of wells nc.gov/oee/programs/wellwater.html.
exceeding the federal guidance.See map for areas
with elevated sodium. There you can find:
• Contacts for your county private well program
• Sodium in well water maps
What if my sodium levels • A guide for selecting a treatment system
are high? • Other private well resources
If you are concerned about the taste of your well You can also call the Private Well and Health Program
water or have a preexisting condition,you can install at 919-707-5900.
a treatment system to reduce the levels of sodium in
your private well.Treatment systems that reduce the Where did this information
levels of sodium in your well water include:
• Distillation come from?
• Reverse osmosis World Health Organization:www.who.int/water_
You can also reduce your exposure by using bottled sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/sodium.pdf
water or connecting to public water supply,if possible. US Environmental Protection Agency:www.epa.
gov/sites/production/files/2014-09/documents/
support_cc1_sodium_dwreport.pdf
US Geological Survey:http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/
gwrp/saltwater/salt.html
.44:5 \ i NC Department of Health and Human Services•Division of Public Health•Epidemiology Section•Occupational and Environmental
• a, l Epidemiology Branch•Private Well and Health Program•bttos;//epi,oublichealth.ncaov/oee%orograms/wellwater.html•NCDHHS is an
wormh,a.dw equal opportunity employer and provider.•09/2019
P Nra11M
Sulfate & •
PRIVATE WELLS
I
v
What is sulfate?
Sulfate is a form of sulfur,a natural element.Sulfate is
found in rocks deep underground,mineral deposits
and soil.Sulfate is found in the environment joined to
other elements like sodium,calcium and magnesium.
These form sulfate salts or sulfates.
Sulfates are used to produce fertilizers,chemicals, What level of sulfate should
dyes,glass,paper,soaps,textiles,pesticides,and I be concerned about?
some medical supplies.Sulfates are also used in
mining,metal industries,sewage and drinking The US Environmental Protection Agency and
water treatment. NC Department of Environmental Quality
developed an aesthetic standard of 250 mg/L.This
How do sulfate get in standard was developed to prevent a salty taste.
my private well water?
How do I test for sulfate in
Sulfate can enter your private well water from my private well?
erosion of rocks and minerals underground.Rain
may wash sulfate from soil on the surface to Use a certified lab or purchase test kits at your local
groundwater.Sulfate can also enter groundwater home improvement store to measure sulfate in your well
from industrial practices. water.Contact the private well program at your county
health department to assist you with getting your water
How can sulfate affect tested.Pricing of testing varies from county to county.
my health?
What if my sulfate levels
Sulfate is not an essential element,meaning your are high?
body does not need it.You can't smell or see sulfate.
Sulfate may have a detectable salty taste.Drinking If you are concerned about possible laxative effect
high levels of sulfate can have a laxative effect. or the taste of your well water,you can install a
treatment system.Treatment systems that reduce
the levels of sulfate in your well water include:
- Distillation
• Reverse Osmosis
You can also reduce your exposure by using bottled
water or connecting to public water supply,if possible.
Private Well Median Concentration of Sulfate, 2011-2013
iii
� i�r � 1 1
->250.1 mg!L Si It?*
I= 100.1-250.0 mg!L
25.1-100.0 mg/L.
<25.0 mg/L
Insufficient data(<10 wells tested)
Where is sulfate found in NC? Where did this information
Sulfate varies across NC(5-1,800 mg/L),see map for come from?
areas with elevated sulfate(>250 mg/L). US Environmental Protection Agency:www.epa.
fa ov/s ites/prod u ctio n/files/2014-09/documents/
Where can I find more support cc1 sulfate healtheffects.pdf
information about sulfate World Health Organization:www.who.int/water
and my well? sanitation health/dwq/chemicals/sulfate.pdf
Visit the NC Division of Public Health's Private Well National Sanitation Foundation:www.nsforg/
and Health Program website:http://epi.publichealth. consumer-resources/what-is-nsf-certification/
nc.gov/oee/programs/wellwater.html. water-filters-treatment-certification/contaminant-
reduction-claims-guide
There you can find:
• Contacts for your county private well program
• Sulfate in well water maps
• A guide for selecting a treatment system
• Other private well resources
You can also call the Private Well and Health Program
at 919-707-5900.
* f NC Department of Health and Human Services•Division of Public Health•Epidemiology Section•Occupational and Environmental
14I Epidemiology Branch•Private Well and Health Program•httas://eoi,oublichealth.nc,gov/oee/orograms/wellwater.html •NCDHHS is an
•��^� NordGro6.a equal opportunity employer and provider.•09/2019
rehk xrahh